Friday office hours are open! Schedule a call to walk us through how you use the Sports Reference sites.

Dzyanis Palyakow International Cup Stats, Goals, Records

Dzjanis Aljaksandravič Paljakoŭ

Дзяніс Аляксандравіч Палякоў

Position: DF (CB) ▪ Footed: Both

184cm, 77kg (6-½, 170lb)

Born: April 17, 1991 in Minsk, Belarus by

National Team: Belarus by

Club: Hapoel Haifa

Become a Stathead & surf this site ad-free.

Competition Types

Standard Stats: International Cups

Goal Logs

Standard Stats: International Cups Table
						Playing Time			Performance								Expected				Progression			Per 90 Minutes
Season	Age	Squad	Comp	LgRank	MP	Starts	Min	90s	Gls	Ast	G+A	G-PK	PK	PKatt	CrdY	CrdR	xG	npxG	xAG	npxG+xAG	PrgC	PrgP	PrgR	Gls	Ast	G+A	G-PK	G+A-PK	xG	xAG	xG+xAG	npxG	npxG+xAG	Matches
2012-2013	21	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	6	6	519	5.8	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1								0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

2014-2015	23	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	4	4	360	4.0	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0								0.25	0.00	0.25	0.25	0.25						Matches
2015-2016	24	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	6	6	506	5.6	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0								0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00						Matches

2017-2018	26	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	GR	6	6	475	5.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	9	19	3	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	Matches
2018-2019	27	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	R32	4	3	315	3.5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	4	1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	Matches

2021-2022	30	Qaırat Almaty	3. Conf Lg	GR	5	4	373	4.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.7	0.7	0.0	0.8	1	13	1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.18	0.01	0.19	0.18	0.19	Matches
6 Seasons		2 Clubs	3 Leagues		31	29	2,548	28.3	1	0	1	1	0	0	4	1	0.7	0.7	0.1	0.8	10	36	5	0.04	0.00	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.01	0.06	0.06	0.06
			Comp	LgRank	MP	Starts	Min	90s	Gls	Ast	G+A	G-PK	PK	PKatt	CrdY	CrdR	xG	npxG	xAG	npxG+xAG	PrgC	PrgP	PrgR	Gls	Ast	G+A	G-PK	G+A-PK	xG	xAG	xG+xAG	npxG	npxG+xAG	Matches
BATE Borisov (5 Seasons)			2 Leagues		26	25	2,175	24.2	1	0	1	1	0	0	4	1	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	9	23	4	0.04	0.00	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01
Qaırat Almaty (1 Season)			1 League		5	4	373	4.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.7	0.7	0.0	0.8	1	13	1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.18	0.01	0.19	0.18	0.19

Champions Lg (3 Seasons)					16	16	1,385	15.4	1	0	1	1	0	0	4	1								0.06	0.00	0.06	0.06	0.06
Europa Lg (2 Seasons)					10	9	790	8.8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	9	23	4	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01
Conf Lg (1 Season)					5	4	373	4.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.7	0.7	0.0	0.8	1	13	1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.18	0.01	0.19	0.18	0.19

Shooting: International Cups

Goal Logs

Shooting: International Cups Table
						Standard												Expected
Season	Age	Squad	Comp	LgRank	90s	Gls	Sh	SoT	SoT%	Sh/90	SoT/90	G/Sh	G/SoT	Dist	FK	PK	PKatt	xG	npxG	npxG/Sh	G-xG	np:G-xG	Matches
2012-2013	21	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	5.8	0		1			0.17		0.00			0	0

2014-2015	23	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	4.0	1		1			0.25		1.00			0	0						Matches
2015-2016	24	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	5.6	0		0			0.00					0	0						Matches

2017-2018	26	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	GR	5.3	0	0	0		0.00	0.00				0	0	0	0.0	0.0		0.0	0.0	Matches
2018-2019	27	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	R32	3.5	0	0	0		0.00	0.00				0	0	0	0.0	0.0		0.0	0.0	Matches

2021-2022	30	Qaırat Almaty	3. Conf Lg	GR	4.1	0	4	1	25.0	0.97	0.24	0.00	0.00	13.4	0	0	0	0.7	0.7	0.19	-0.7	-0.7	Matches
6 Seasons		2 Clubs	3 Leagues		28.3	1	4	3	25.0	0.31	0.11	0.00	0.33	13.4	0	0	0	0.7	0.7	0.19	-0.7	-0.7
			Comp	LgRank	90s	Gls	Sh	SoT	SoT%	Sh/90	SoT/90	G/Sh	G/SoT	Dist	FK	PK	PKatt	xG	npxG	npxG/Sh	G-xG	np:G-xG	Matches
BATE Borisov (5 Seasons)			2 Leagues		24.2	1	0	2		0.00	0.08		0.50		0	0	0	0.0	0.0		0.0	0.0
Qaırat Almaty (1 Season)			1 League		4.1	0	4	1	25.0	0.97	0.24	0.00	0.00	13.4	0	0	0	0.7	0.7	0.19	-0.7	-0.7

Champions Lg (3 Seasons)					15.4	1		2			0.13		0.50			0	0
Europa Lg (2 Seasons)					8.8	0	0	0		0.00	0.00				0	0	0	0.0	0.0		0.0	0.0
Conf Lg (1 Season)					4.1	0	4	1	25.0	0.97	0.24	0.00	0.00	13.4	0	0	0	0.7	0.7	0.19	-0.7	-0.7

Passing: International Cups

Passing: International Cups Table
						Total					Short			Medium			Long					Expected
Season	Age	Squad	Comp	LgRank	90s	Cmp	Att	Cmp%	TotDist	PrgDist	Cmp	Att	Cmp%	Cmp	Att	Cmp%	Cmp	Att	Cmp%	Ast	xAG	xA	A-xAG	KP	1/3	PPA	CrsPA	PrgP	Matches
2012-2013	21	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	5.8															0

2014-2015	23	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	4.0															0									Matches
2015-2016	24	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	5.6															0									Matches

2017-2018	26	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	GR	5.3	220	252	87.3	3876	1414	105	111	94.6	88	102	86.3	23	31	74.2	0	0.1	0.0	-0.1	2	5	0	0	19	Matches
2018-2019	27	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	R32	3.5	75	95	78.9	1682	755	19	24	79.2	41	45	91.1	15	25	60.0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	4	0	0	4	Matches

2021-2022	30	Qaırat Almaty	3. Conf Lg	GR	4.1	66	92	71.7	1143	597	31	42	73.8	26	32	81.3	7	14	50.0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1	12	0	0	13	Matches
6 Seasons		2 Clubs	3 Leagues		28.3	361	439	82.2	6701	2766	155	177	87.6	155	179	86.6	45	70	64.3	0	0.1	0.1	-0.1	3	21	0	0	36
			Comp	LgRank	90s	Cmp	Att	Cmp%	TotDist	PrgDist	Cmp	Att	Cmp%	Cmp	Att	Cmp%	Cmp	Att	Cmp%	Ast	xAG	xA	A-xAG	KP	1/3	PPA	CrsPA	PrgP	Matches
BATE Borisov (5 Seasons)			2 Leagues		24.2	295	347	85.0	5558	2169	124	135	91.9	129	147	87.8	38	56	67.9	0	0.1	0.0	-0.1	2	9	0	0	23
Qaırat Almaty (1 Season)			1 League		4.1	66	92	71.7	1143	597	31	42	73.8	26	32	81.3	7	14	50.0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1	12	0	0	13

Champions Lg (3 Seasons)					15.4															0
Europa Lg (2 Seasons)					8.8	295	347	85.0	5558	2169	124	135	91.9	129	147	87.8	38	56	67.9	0	0.1	0.0	-0.1	2	9	0	0	23
Conf Lg (1 Season)					4.1	66	92	71.7	1143	597	31	42	73.8	26	32	81.3	7	14	50.0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1	12	0	0	13

Become a Stathead & surf this site ad-free.

Pass Types: International Cups

Pass Types: International Cups Table
							Pass Types								Corner Kicks			Outcomes
Season	Age	Squad	Comp	LgRank	90s	Att	Live	Dead	FK	TB	Sw	Crs	TI	CK	In	Out	Str	Cmp	Off	Blocks	Matches
2012-2013	21	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	5.8

2014-2015	23	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	4.0																Matches
2015-2016	24	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	5.6																Matches

2017-2018	26	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	GR	5.3	252	214	37	9	0	2	1	28	0	0	0	0	220	1	2	Matches
2018-2019	27	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	R32	3.5	95	82	13	1	0	0	0	12	0	0	0	0	75	0	2	Matches

2021-2022	30	Qaırat Almaty	3. Conf Lg	GR	4.1	92	91	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	66	0	0	Matches
6 Seasons		2 Clubs	3 Leagues		28.3	439	387	51	10	0	2	1	40	0	0	0	0	361	1	4
			Comp	LgRank	90s	Att	Live	Dead	FK	TB	Sw	Crs	TI	CK	In	Out	Str	Cmp	Off	Blocks	Matches
BATE Borisov (5 Seasons)			2 Leagues		24.2	347	296	50	10	0	2	1	40	0	0	0	0	295	1	4
Qaırat Almaty (1 Season)			1 League		4.1	92	91	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	66	0	0

Champions Lg (3 Seasons)					15.4
Europa Lg (2 Seasons)					8.8	347	296	50	10	0	2	1	40	0	0	0	0	295	1	4
Conf Lg (1 Season)					4.1	92	91	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	66	0	0

Goal and Shot Creation: International Cups

Goal and Shot Creation: International Cups Table
						SCA		SCA Types						GCA		GCA Types
Season	Age	Squad	Comp	LgRank	90s	SCA	SCA90	PassLive	PassDead	TO	Sh	Fld	Def	GCA	GCA90	PassLive	PassDead	TO	Sh	Fld	Def	Matches
2012-2013	21	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	5.8

2014-2015	23	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	4.0																	Matches
2015-2016	24	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	5.6																	Matches

2017-2018	26	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	GR	5.3	3	0.57	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.00	0	0	0	0	0	0	Matches
2018-2019	27	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	R32	3.5	1	0.29	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.00	0	0	0	0	0	0	Matches

2021-2022	30	Qaırat Almaty	3. Conf Lg	GR	4.1	5	1.21	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.00	0	0	0	0	0	0	Matches
6 Seasons		2 Clubs	3 Leagues		28.3	9	0.70	9	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.00	0	0	0	0	0	0
			Comp	LgRank	90s	SCA	SCA90	PassLive	PassDead	TO	Sh	Fld	Def	GCA	GCA90	PassLive	PassDead	TO	Sh	Fld	Def	Matches
BATE Borisov (5 Seasons)			2 Leagues		24.2	4	0.46	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.00	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qaırat Almaty (1 Season)			1 League		4.1	5	1.21	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.00	0	0	0	0	0	0

Champions Lg (3 Seasons)					15.4
Europa Lg (2 Seasons)					8.8	4	0.46	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.00	0	0	0	0	0	0
Conf Lg (1 Season)					4.1	5	1.21	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.00	0	0	0	0	0	0

Defensive Actions: International Cups

Defensive Actions: International Cups Table
						Tackles					Challenges				Blocks
Season	Age	Squad	Comp	LgRank	90s	Tkl	TklW	Def 3rd	Mid 3rd	Att 3rd	Tkl	Att	Tkl%	Lost	Blocks	Sh	Pass	Int	Tkl+Int	Clr	Err	Matches
2012-2013	21	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	5.8

2014-2015	23	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	4.0																	Matches
2015-2016	24	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	5.6																	Matches

2017-2018	26	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	GR	5.3	15	12	10	5	0	10	15	66.7	5	11	7	4	8	23	11	0	Matches
2018-2019	27	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	R32	3.5	3	2	2	1	0	0	1	0.0	1	7	3	4	3	6	28	0	Matches

2021-2022	30	Qaırat Almaty	3. Conf Lg	GR	4.1	8	7	5	3	0	6	14	42.9	8	7	2	5	9	17	9	0	Matches
6 Seasons		2 Clubs	3 Leagues		28.3	26	21	17	9	0	16	30	53.3	14	25	12	13	20	46	48	0
			Comp	LgRank	90s	Tkl	TklW	Def 3rd	Mid 3rd	Att 3rd	Tkl	Att	Tkl%	Lost	Blocks	Sh	Pass	Int	Tkl+Int	Clr	Err	Matches
BATE Borisov (5 Seasons)			2 Leagues		24.2	18	14	12	6	0	10	16	62.5	6	18	10	8	11	29	39	0
Qaırat Almaty (1 Season)			1 League		4.1	8	7	5	3	0	6	14	42.9	8	7	2	5	9	17	9	0

Champions Lg (3 Seasons)					15.4														0
Europa Lg (2 Seasons)					8.8	18	14	12	6	0	10	16	62.5	6	18	10	8	11	29	39	0
Conf Lg (1 Season)					4.1	8	7	5	3	0	6	14	42.9	8	7	2	5	9	17	9	0

Possession: International Cups

Possession: International Cups Table
						Touches							Take-Ons					Carries								Receiving
Season	Age	Squad	Comp	LgRank	90s	Touches	Def Pen	Def 3rd	Mid 3rd	Att 3rd	Att Pen	Live	Att	Succ	Succ%	Tkld	Tkld%	Carries	TotDist	PrgDist	PrgC	1/3	CPA	Mis	Dis	Rec	PrgR	Matches
2012-2013	21	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	5.8

2014-2015	23	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	4.0																							Matches
2015-2016	24	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	5.6																							Matches

2017-2018	26	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	GR	5.3	295	23	123	158	17	1	295	0	0		0		115	821	502	9	2	0	1	0	170	3	Matches
2018-2019	27	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	R32	3.5	142	31	86	50	7	0	142	0	0		0		34	199	72	0	0	0	2	1	54	1	Matches

2021-2022	30	Qaırat Almaty	3. Conf Lg	GR	4.1	142	15	61	66	15	3	142	0	0		0		32	221	43	1	1	1	4	0	46	1	Matches
6 Seasons		2 Clubs	3 Leagues		28.3	579	69	270	274	39	4	579	0	0		0		181	1241	617	10	3	1	7	1	270	5
			Comp	LgRank	90s	Touches	Def Pen	Def 3rd	Mid 3rd	Att 3rd	Att Pen	Live	Att	Succ	Succ%	Tkld	Tkld%	Carries	TotDist	PrgDist	PrgC	1/3	CPA	Mis	Dis	Rec	PrgR	Matches
BATE Borisov (5 Seasons)			2 Leagues		24.2	437	54	209	208	24	1	437	0	0		0		149	1020	574	9	2	0	3	1	224	4
Qaırat Almaty (1 Season)			1 League		4.1	142	15	61	66	15	3	142	0	0		0		32	221	43	1	1	1	4	0	46	1

Champions Lg (3 Seasons)					15.4
Europa Lg (2 Seasons)					8.8	437	54	209	208	24	1	437	0	0		0		149	1020	574	9	2	0	3	1	224	4
Conf Lg (1 Season)					4.1	142	15	61	66	15	3	142	0	0		0		32	221	43	1	1	1	4	0	46	1

Playing Time: International Cups

Playing Time: International Cups Table
						Playing Time				Starts			Subs			Team Success						Team Success (xG)
Season	Age	Squad	Comp	LgRank	MP	Min	Mn/MP	Min%	90s	Starts	Mn/Start	Compl	Subs	Mn/Sub	unSub	PPM	onG	onGA	+/-	+/-90	On-Off	onxG	onxGA	xG+/-	xG+/-90	On-Off	Matches
2012-2013	21	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	6	519	87		5.8	6			0

2014-2015	23	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	4	360	90	66.7	4.0	4		4	0		1	1.20	2	19	-17	-4.25	-3.75						Matches
2015-2016	24	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	6	506	84	93.7	5.6	6		5	0		0	1.00	5	12	-7	-1.25	-6.54						Matches

2017-2018	26	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	GR	6	475	79	88.0	5.3	6		5	0		0	1.14	4	14	-10	-1.89	-1.89	4.0	11.6	-7.6	-1.45	-0.94	Matches
2018-2019	27	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	R32	4	315	79	43.8	3.5	3	90	3	1	45	1	2.25	7	5	+2	+0.57	+1.46	4.4	4.8	-0.4	-0.11	+0.96	Matches

2021-2022	30	Qaırat Almaty	3. Conf Lg	GR	5	373	75	69.1	4.1	4	90	4	1	13	1	0.67	5	9	-4	-0.97	-0.43	7.3	6.9	+0.4	+0.10	+0.27	Matches
6 Seasons		2 Clubs	3 Leagues		31	2,548	82	70.5	28.3	29	90	21	2	29	3	1.20	23	59	-36	-1.60	-1.17	15.7	23.3	-7.6	-0.59	+0.19
			Comp	LgRank	MP	Min	Mn/MP	Min%	90s	Starts	Mn/Start	Compl	Subs	Mn/Sub	unSub	PPM	onG	onGA	+/-	+/-90	On-Off	onxG	onxGA	xG+/-	xG+/-90	On-Off	Matches
BATE Borisov (5 Seasons)			2 Leagues		26	2,175	84	70.8	24.2	25	90	17	1	45	2	1.33	18	50	-32	-1.74	-1.34	8.4	16.4	-8.0	-0.91	+0.08
Qaırat Almaty (1 Season)			1 League		5	373	75	69.1	4.1	4	90	4	1	13	1	0.67	5	9	-4	-0.97	-0.43	7.3	6.9	+0.4	+0.10	+0.27

Champions Lg (3 Seasons)					16	1,385	87	80.2	15.4	16		9	0		1	1.08	7	31	-24	-2.49	-2.91
Europa Lg (2 Seasons)					10	790	79	62.7	8.8	9	90	8	1	45	1	1.58	11	19	-8	-0.91	-0.15	8.4	16.4	-8.0	-0.91	+0.08
Conf Lg (1 Season)					5	373	75	69.1	4.1	4	90	4	1	13	1	0.67	5	9	-4	-0.97	-0.43	7.3	6.9	+0.4	+0.10	+0.27

Miscellaneous Stats: International Cups

Miscellaneous Stats: International Cups Table
						Performance													Aerial Duels
Season	Age	Squad	Comp	LgRank	90s	CrdY	CrdR	2CrdY	Fls	Fld	Off	Crs	Int	TklW	PKwon	PKcon	OG	Recov	Won	Lost	Won%	Matches
2012-2013	21	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	5.8	1	1		9

2014-2015	23	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	4.0	1	0		2													Matches
2015-2016	24	BATE Borisov	1. Champions Lg	GR	5.6	2	0		5													Matches

2017-2018	26	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	GR	5.3	0	0	0	4	3	0	1	8	12	0	0	1	37	4	3	57.1	Matches
2018-2019	27	BATE Borisov	2. Europa Lg	R32	3.5	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	3	2	0	0	0	12	10	1	90.9	Matches

2021-2022	30	Qaırat Almaty	3. Conf Lg	GR	4.1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	9	7	0	0	0	21	14	7	66.7	Matches
6 Seasons		2 Clubs	3 Leagues		28.3	4	1	0	21	5	0	1	20	21	0	0	1	70	28	11	71.8
			Comp	LgRank	90s	CrdY	CrdR	2CrdY	Fls	Fld	Off	Crs	Int	TklW	PKwon	PKcon	OG	Recov	Won	Lost	Won%	Matches
BATE Borisov (5 Seasons)			2 Leagues		24.2	4	1	0	20	4	0	1	11	14	0	0	1	49	14	4	77.8
Qaırat Almaty (1 Season)			1 League		4.1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	9	7	0	0	0	21	14	7	66.7

Champions Lg (3 Seasons)					15.4	4	1		16
Europa Lg (2 Seasons)					8.8	0	0	0	4	4	0	1	11	14	0	0	1	49	14	4	77.8
Conf Lg (1 Season)					4.1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	9	7	0	0	0	21	14	7	66.7

Player Club Summary

About FBref.com

FBref.com launched (June 13, 2018) with domestic league coverage for England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and United States. Since then we have been steadily expanding our coverage to include domestic leagues from over 40 countries as well as domestic cup, super cup and youth leagues from top European countries. We have also added coverage for major international cups such as the UEFA Champions League and Copa Libertadores.

FBref is the most complete sources for women's football data on the internet. This includes the entire history of the FIFA Women's World Cup as well as recent domestic league seasons from nine countries, including advanced stats like xG for most of those nine.

In collaboration with Opta, we are including advanced analytical data such as xG, xA, progressive passing, duels and more for over twenty competitions. For more information on the expected goals model and which competitions have advanced data, see our xG explainer.

Note that player records are likely not complete for their careers. Players may come from or move to leagues we don't currently cover. This issue will go down over time, as we add new leagues and seasons. We will never in the future have less data than we do today.

You can sign up to receive an e-mail when new countries and features launch.

For more information, see our Launch Blog Post, the overall leagues/competition page with details on leagues and seasons we include, or our About Page. Let us know if you find an issue or have a suggestion.

FBref is one of seven Sports-Reference.com sites.

More Dzyanis Palyakow Pages

Dzyanis Palyakow Overview

Stats by Competition

Match Logs (Summary)

Match Logs (Passing)

Match Logs (Pass Types)

Match Logs (Goal and Shot Creation)

Match Logs (Defensive Actions)

Match Logs (Possession)

Match Logs (Miscellaneous Stats)

Goal Logs by Competition

Scouting Report

Stathead & Player Comparison